Articles Posted in Medical Marijuana in California

One of the primary issues for marijuana legalization opponents is the potential public health risks, including addiction. While four states have now legalized pot for recreational use, others have decriminalized possession and paved the way for medical use. But is pot really addictive? Does it have chemically additive quality? Is it just a mental rather than a physical addiction?

According to one user who published his first-person account of marijuana addiction in the Chicago Tribune, the drug is highly addictive and can be very problematic for young persons and into adulthood.
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According to the 2013 Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders records, 17 percent of those who smoke pot as teenagers can become addicted to marijuana. National surveys show that up to half of marijuana users who smoke daily are addicted. This is an estimated 2.7 million users in the U.S. But, what are the real risks? Should medical marijuana users hesitate before deciding to follow doctors’ orders? Should legislators take these statistics into consideration before passing laws? Will Congress weigh these statistics when deciding whether to legalize the drug?

The role addiction plays in marijuana use is a critical issue for opponents and a point of contention for reform advocates. There are a number of potentially problematic issues with long-term marijuana use, including distractions, mood disorders, loss of motivation or energy, even thoughts of suicide. Many addicts are the type of people who already suffer from mental or emotional disorders, making them more susceptible to addiction and self-medication. For those who have been addicted to marijuana, quitting can take therapy and years of struggle.
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Colorado has been criticized internally, by neighboring states, politicians, non-profits, the medical community, and individuals who only see the negative side of legalization. While there are potential medical and public health risks, there are also potential economic losses and other business damages related to the marijuana industry. Colorado’s neighboring states and others allege that legalization has made it more difficult to enforce laws internally. It has also had severe economic costs on law enforcement agencies and related businesses. While not every state is joining the lawsuit, others have seen legalization cause harm, including economic losses that could make Colorado liable.

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The federal lawsuit was filed by plaintiffs, Nebraska and Oklahoma, alleging the Colorado marijuana policy is a violation of the U.S Constitution and places and undue burden on neighboring states. Marijuana is legal under federal law, and the U.S. Constitution prevents certain kinds of competition between states. According to the complaint, the combination of these anti-drug laws and Constitutional protections make the Colorado legalization a violation of other states’ rights.

Colorado Attorney General, John Suthers, has refused to back down and is taking an aggressive approach to defeat the claim. He has made public statements that he intends to defend the marijuana laws. In defense, the Attorney General explains the major grievance named by the other states is that the Colorado law is in violation of federal drug policy. Here, the attorney has explained that the other states do not have grounds to file a claim.
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In California and nationwide, the world’s most powerful entrepreneurs and innovators are getting behind the marijuana business. According to recent reports, co-founder of Paypal, Peter Theil, is investing millions of dollars in a Seattle-based marijuana venture.

Even though marijuana is still considered illegal under federal law, entrepreneurs have seen their opportunities and the potential for dollar signs grow. Theil’s venture capital firm, known as “The Founders Fund,” has confirmed taking a minority stake in Privateer Holdings.

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The company has invested in a Canadian medical marijuana grow operation as well as an online website responsible for marijuana dispensary reviews. The company has taken hold of all aspects of the marijuana business from growing to marketing and sales. Privateer was seeking for a $75 million funding contribution, though it is unclear how much Theil’s venture capital firm has contributed. Neither company has disclosed the amount of the deal, but analysts project it is in the multi-millions.

Privateer was the first private equity firm to invest in the cannabis industry when it acquired Leafly in 2011. Currently, Leafly is the only American company to operate with a federally licensed commercial marijuana cultivation plant in British Columbia.
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Legalization of marijuana means that employers will likely have to change their policies. Previously, employers have had the right to drug test employees before hiring or could randomly drug test an employee. In the event that an employee tested positive, employers had a reason to terminate. But, now that the legal landscape is changing and many employees are legally able to use marijuana, either for recreational or medicinal purposes, employers are going to have to change their policies. With over 23 states legalizing marijuana for medical uses, and Colorado and Washington have paved the way for recreational use–what does this mean for employee rights?
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Employers based in states where the laws have changed in the past couple years have had to reevaluate and reshape their pot policies. Many are still wondering, can they fire an employee who tests positive for marijuana use? Can employers legally maintain a “drug-free workplace?” Understanding the local, state, and federal laws can be confusing for individual employees, as well as human resources departments. Businesses must maintain an awareness of how laws affect their rights as employers and take into consideration the new rights of their employees.
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The proposed Marijuana Tax Equity Act would end the federal prohibition on marijuana sales, effectively allowing it to be taxed by the federal government. While it would alleviate some of the fears of prosecution among growers, sellers and users, it would also create additional tax liabilities for those in the marijuana industry. According to a Forbes report, the bill would impose a 50% tax on sales and an additional occupational tax on workers who are involved in the growing and cultivation of marijuana. Many industry leaders and advocate are wondering if the trade-off is even worth it.
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While there are justifications for the federal taxation of marijuana, there is also the risk that the taxation could be significantly costly and limit the amount of money remaining in local and state economy. Federal taxation could also impact the amount of state revenue collected from growers and distributors. Colorado currently taxes 2.9% on sales and an additional 10% marijuana tax. There is also an additional 15% tax on average retail marijuana. Even at the state level, that is a total of 27.9% mark-up for taxes. Colorado projected to collect $33.5 million in the first six months after legalization, but the number proved too high an estimate. According to reports, the state collected $21.5 million less than anticipated.
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Marijuana is a leading treatment to help prevent epileptic seizures. In addition to research on the benefits of marijuana use, scientists are also studying how to predict when someone with epilepsy could have a seizure. According to reports, researchers won a contest for data scientists after studying brain activity to develop an algorithm that can predict seizures up to 82% of the time. The research astounded many in the medical research community, as researchers have previously struggled to develop and define an algorithm. Those involved in the research assert that it has significant clinical potential that could result in therapies and medicinal alternatives.
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Epilepsy is a dangerous condition and can result in death. The condition has been compared to an “electrical storm” in the brain and affects the lives of nearly one percent of people in the world. The most common treatment for epilepsy is pharmaceutical treatments, but more people are turning to marijuana to prevent seizure activity. Pharmaceuticals can leave patients suffering with side effects and many patients have sought out other options, including implants that use electrical signals to prevent seizures. Having an algorithm to prevent seizures could make these implants more effective, working similarly to a heart defibrillator and sending electrical “messages” when necessary to prevent a seizure.
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A federal judge ruled that the government lost its opportunity to seize a medical marijuana dispensary when it accepted $150,000. In May 2013, the federal government filed a forfeiture complaint against the owners of a property in San Francisco. The complaint accused the tenant of selling marijuana within 1,000 feet of the school, in violation of the federal Controlled Substances Act. The landlords agreed to pay $150,000 in lieu of forfeiting their interest in the property. They also admitted that the property was admitted to being used to sell marijuana (which, subjects the property to forfeiture law).
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A federal judge agreed with the plaintiffs that the court no longer has jurisdiction over the real property because it collected the sum of money. According to Courthouse News, the settlement agreement nullified any claims that the government would have had to seize the property. After collecting the $150,000, the government alleged that the property owners would have to do more than pay the initial amount. The government claimed that the property owners would also have to satisfy additional terms in the settlement agreement. Though these terms were not explicitly discussed in the claim, the judge assumed that the government was referring to a clause that required the property owners to “assist the United States in good faith.”
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Despite the changing tides for entrepreneurship in states that have legalized or decriminalized marijuana sales and use, many business owners are still hesitant given the potential for Department of Justice involvement or DEA enforcement of federal law. A historic measure similar to the one passed by the House earlier this year would end DOJ and DEA interference in states where marijuana has been legalized. The House and Senate have developed a budget bill that includes an amendment to curb federal enforcement in states where medical marijuana is legal.
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The measure was originally passed in May by the House in a 219-189 vote and aims to prohibit the DOJ from using taxpayer dollars to undermine state medical marijuana laws. This is a giant step forward for patients, healthcare providers, as well as medical marijuana dispensary owners in California. In addition to extending patient protection, the law is also in agreement with American voters who have passed laws to legalize marijuana for medical use. The law gives patients protection against federal intervention and prosecution and prevents valuable tax dollars from being spent on investigating and prosecuting marijuana crimes. Advocates for medical marijuana have applauded the Congressional action in protecting the rights of patients and ending the decades-long attack on members of the medical marijuana community.
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Legalization of marijuana is not only shifting individual usage patterns, local markets, and medical treatment options–it is also having an impact on the global marijuana industry. While Colorado and Washington have completely legalized recreational use, over half of states have legalized marijuana for medical use. More legal growing operations in the United States means that more Americans are buying “Made in America” pot, and that has severely undercutting growers, profits and cartels in Mexico.
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According to a recent NPR report, growers in Mexico have seen a significant decline in profits and in the value of their crops. While a kilo of marijuana was worth $60 to $90 a couple years ago, it is now only worth $30 or $40 per kilo. Many growers in Mexico are worried that legalization in the U.S. overtime could put them out of business. Workers on the communal crops are owned by the cartels but are worked by young laborers who are paid around $150 per month. They are provided with the tools for growing and are responsible for all aspects of producing and the packaging of the marijuana.

Film, television, and other images of Mexican traffickers may look more like overcompensated cartel operators, but the truth is that many of the workers are just low-wage farmers seeking to support their families. Growing pot and pot farms in Mexico have given many people a livelihood, that could be lost overtime if America legalizes marijuana. It is dangerous work for many of the farmers, as they are threatened by law enforcement and cartel operators. If the armed forces come to investigate, they are forced to run. At some point, low profits for their operations won’t be worth the risk.

It isn’t just farmers that have been concerned about legalization in the U.S. According to a report published by the Mexican Institute of Competitiveness in 2012, a slump in the economy was predicted in the event of legalization. The study was titled, “If Our Neighbors Legalize,” and predicted that the cartels would see profits drop between 22 and 30% in the U.S. At one point, all of the weed being purchased and consumed in the States came from Mexico or further south, but now it is almost all homegrown, from the U.S. or Canada. One of the reasons that Americans prefer domestic grown pot is because of the trade and association with the cartels.

U.S. grown pot can be three or four times more expensive, but part of the reason is that it is grown and cultivated in high-tech greenhouses and is often much stronger than its Mexican counterpart. American cannabis typically has 10 to 20 percent THC where the THC in a Mexican strain has only 3 to 8 percent. Experts consider Mexican weed to be of a lower quality because it is grown outdoors in bulk and not cured the way it is in the states. According to a representative from the DEA operatives are also buying high-potency American weed and smuggling it back to Mexico. That was not an expected development, but it makes sense.

If you are a dispensary owner or medical marijuana card holder, it is important to know your rights. Our Orange County medical marijuana attorneys are dedicated to raising awareness to protect your rights and keeping you abreast of changing marijuana laws.
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Officers who suspect that a driver is under the influence of alcohol can quickly test their own theory. In addition to field sobriety tests, officers can use a calibrated breathalyzer device which should correctly indicate the blood alcohol level of the driver. Nationwide, law enforcement departments are struggling with how to test whether a driver is under the influence of marijuana. The issues is especially problematic in states like Colorado and Washington, where marijuana has been legalized for recreational use. Despite legalization, it is still illegal to drive when incapacitated or over a “legal limit.”

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Testing drivers may become easier for law enforcement officers as researchers at Washington State University are working to develop a functional breath test for marijuana users. If successful, the test would allow authorities to detect the levels of THC active in the driver’s blood. In the past, blood tests were used to determine levels of THC, and yet, critics pointed out that THC can appear in blood long after the effects have worn off. So will the new tests account for the disparity?
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